Wiley
Standing for Europe: Citizens' perceptions of European symbols as evidence of a “banal Europeanism”?
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Abstract
This article analyses the perception of the symbols of the European Union (EU) by citizens. Relying on a survey of a representative sample of the population in eight countries (France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Spain and the United Kingdom) carried out in December 2020, it investigates to which extent these symbols are considered as good representations of the EU and differences related to political, cultural, social and economic belongings.
Can Scharpf be proved wrong? Modelling the EU into a competitive social market economy for the next generation
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Abstract
Criticism of the EU’s social deficit has become more vivid than ever following the socially regressive handling of the 2008–10 financial and debt crisis. In 2010, Fritz Scharpf famously argued that the EU‘cannot be a social market economy’owing to its institutional architecture, legal features, and collective action issues. The COVID-19 pandemic has nevertheless led to a new agenda combining investment, social concerns, the green transition and more fiscal solidarity.
Populist Attitudes and Direct Democracy: A Questionable Relationship
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Earlier research links citizens’ populist attitudes with the support for referendums. However, the foundations and meaning of this relationship remain unclear.